妊娠期妇女健康教育状况及社会支持因素调查分析

AN INVESTIGATION OF HEALTH EDUCATION STATUS OF GRAVIDA AND RELATED FACTORS

目的调查妊娠期妇女孕期保健、心理卫生、孕期营养等知识的需求和掌握情况,探索最佳的健康教育方法。方法选择首次妊娠孕20周以内的健康孕妇400例,根据其个人的基本条件、孕妇心理状况、社会支持情况、最喜爱和乐于接受的教育方式和对健康知识掌握的情况等因素进行问卷调查,分析其问卷情况。结果400例孕妇在心理健康教育措施方面,最喜爱的措施是面对面咨询,占84.5%;认为有必要参加孕妇学校者占87.5%;认为有必要参加孕期心理健康教育者占86.5%;对健康教育相关内容正确率方面排序依次是:孕期保健(92.8%)、孕产妇心理卫生(91.3%)、孕产妇营养(87.3%)和孕期口腔保健(64.8%)。结论对妊娠期妇女实施健康教育和心理支持是必要的,应建立一套科学化、系统化、整体化的孕妇学校健康教育体系,使孕妇处于最佳身心和护理状态,以顺利度过妊娠期及产育健康的后代。

Objective To investigate the knowledge of expectant mothers on antenatal care, mental hygiene, and nutrition and to explore the best way of health education for them. Methods This study included 400 primigravida who were pregnant within 20 weeks. A questionnaire was applied for the study in terms of individual＇s pacing factor, psychologic status, social support, the favorite education method and the knowledge they had got. Results The answers from those surveyed were： preferring to have face to face consultation, accounting for 84.5% ; to attend a gravida class, 87.5% ; to take part in mental health education, 86.5%. The correct answers of those surveyed on the health knowledge of gravida and lying-in women were： health care during pregnancy, 92.8% ; mental hygiene, 91.3% ; nutrition, 87.3% and oral health care during pregnancy, 64.8%. Conclusion It is important to enforce a health education and mental support for gravida. A scientific, systemized, integrated and individualized health education system for pregnant women should be established.