用于无核葡萄选育的胚挽救技术研究

Study on embryo rescue technique for seedless grape breeding

通过4a的连续试验,观察了无核葡萄果粒及胚珠发育变化,对胚挽救的多个影响因素包括品种、接种时间、培养基和培养方式进行了研究。结果表明,红脸无核、底来特、黎明无核作母本的胚珠萌发率较高;各品种适宜的接种时间为无核白花后26d,红脸无核花后35d,爱莫无核×火焰无核花后48d,底来特×红宝石无核花后56d;用Nitsch作基本培养基优于B5;添加BA0.2mg/L获得的胚珠萌发率最高;常温黑暗、固体培养有利于胚珠的发育。已定植结果的无核葡萄杂交胚挽救后代的无核比率平均为58.6%。将胚挽救技术用于无核葡萄育种是十分有效的。

The development of berry and ovule in seedless grape cultivars and the influence of factors （including genotypes, development period of ovules, culture media, phase and culture environment） on embryo rescue were studied during 4 years. The results showed that female parentage, including Blush Seedless, Delight and Dawn Seedless had the bigger seed traces with higher germination. The proper culture dates to obtain maximum seedlings were 26 days after anthesis （DAA） for Thompson Seedless, 35 DAA for Blush Seedless, 48 days after pollination （DAP） for Emerald SeedlessxFlame Seedless, 56 DAP for DelightxRuby Seedless, respectively. The percentage germination percentage of ovules cultured on Nitsch basal medium was greater than cultured on B5 basal medium in Thompson Seedless. More germinated seedlings were obtained from ovules cultured on Nitsch medium plus BA 0.2 mg/L than plus BA 0.5 and 0 mg/L .The agar-solidified media, room temperature and dark environment were benefited to development of seedless grape ovules. The average proportion of seedless progeny obtained through embryo rescue in Seedless × Seedless crosses was 58.6%. It could be believed that embryo rescue technique in seedless grape breeding program is effective.