浅谈民用大飞机结构技术的发展

Structure Technology Development of Large Commercial Aircraft

在分析了世界上先进的大型民机发展和研究计划后,分析和总结了大型民用飞机结构技术发展的总体趋势。介绍了用于先进大型飞机中选材、结构设计、先进的制造技术、机构强度分析、防雷击技术的现状和趋势。结论是复合材料将代替金属结构,而金属结构的设计、制造也将随之发展,以解决采用复合材料带来的新挑战;先进的数字化结构设计和仿真正代替传统的图纸设计。相应的分析和仿真工具如CFD等将应用到数字化设计中,在新型飞机设计中,将大大减少试验并改善质量;一些新概念的结构将广泛应用到飞机结构中,如智能材料结构在机翼上的应用,以改善空气动力、飞机的气动弹性控制和结构的健康监控。

This paper analyzes and summarizes the general tendency of structure technology development for large commercial aircraft through an analysis of the advanced commercial aircraft and their research plans in the world.The present state and future tendency in the selection of materials,structure design,manufacturing technology,structure strength analysis,and lightning protection technology for advanced large commercial aircraft are introduced.The final conclusion is that composite materials will replace metal structure,and the design and manufacturing technology of metal structure will also be developed to meet the new challenge brought by the use of composite materials.Advanced digital structure design and simulation technology will replace traditional design on paper.The relevant analysis and simulation tools such as CFD will be introduced into digital design,resulting in great reduction of testing and quality improvement during the R ＆ D of a new aircraft.Some new concept structures will be used in aircraft structure widely;for example,smart structure will be used in the aircraft wing to improve aerodynamics,aircraft aero-elastic control and structure health monitoring.