不同有机酸对烤烟品质和产值的影响

Effects of Different Organic Acids on Quality and Yield in Tobacco (Nico-tiana tabacum L.)

采用大田试验研究了苹果酸、油酸和腐殖酸对烤烟品质指标及产值效果的影响。结果表明,3种有机酸能明显提高烟叶中P素、K素、总糖、还原糖含量、钾氯比和糖碱比值,以及糠醛、苯甲醛、茄酮、巨豆三烯酮和新植二烯等主要香气成分的含量,改善烟草的香吃味。同时不同程度地降低烟叶中N素、淀粉、蛋白质、烟碱和氯离子的含量,从而协调和平衡烟叶中的化学成分,改善烟叶的品质。其中,苹果酸的效果最佳,腐殖酸和油酸次之。苹果酸可明显提高烤烟的均价和上中等烟的比例,腐殖酸可明显提高烤烟的产量、产值及上中等烟的比例。

Reasonable combination chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer which is applied traditional can significantly improve tobacco quality. Malic acid, oleic acid, and fulvic acid were used to study the effects of organic acids on quality and yield in tobacco in the trial. The main results showed that three organic acids could obviously increase P, K, total sugar, reducing sugar contents, F/Cl ratio and reducing sugar/nicotine ratio, as well as the contents of furfural, nenzaldehyde, solanone, megastigmatrienone, and neopphytidiene, the main aroma component in tobacco leaves, and these were in favor of high quality of aroma in tobacco leaves. However, the three organic acids could obviously reduce N, C1, starch, protein and nicotine contents of flue-tobacco leaves. Those were in favor of coordinating and balancing chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco leaves, improving quality of tobacco leaves. The effect of malic acid was better than that of fulvic acid and oleic acid. In addition, malic acid could obviously improve unit price and the proportion of the superior and secondary classes of flue-cured leaves. Fulvic acid could also improve the proportion of the superior and secondary classes, output value and yield of flue-cured leaves.