汉字考释必须兼顾字的本体认知和字用规律——从“臧”字说起

A Philological Probe of the Chinese Character Zang(臧)

"臧"有奴隶、褒奖、隐匿三个字义系统,三个字义系统各有本字,分别为臧、■、匨,因同音而互相假借。其中,臧字最有生命力:既是臧获本字,又借作臧否字,还借作匨匿字。借字借义行,而■否、匨匿本字废。通过对"臧"系字的观察,我们可以认识到:考释一个汉字,既要进行本体认知,又要注意字用规律,否则就不能全面认识这个字。

This article makes textual criticisms and explanations of ＂臧＂ and other Chinese characters split from it by analyzing the shape, sound and meaning of them. The author thinks that there are three kind of meanings about ＂臧＂,which are ＂slave＂, ＂praise＂ and ＂hide＂, the three meaning systems all have their own original characters such as ＂臧＂. ＂ ＂.＂[骨氐]＂.＂臧＂ replaces and eliminates ＂ ＂. ＂[骨氐]＂ in the course of their being used because the three Chinese characters ancient sounds are same. What is more, the article sums up the laws about the using of Chinese characters and present a view that we have to give attention to both the shape observing and studying of Chinese characters themselves and the using laws of Chinese characters, it shows that the author has not only system but history ideas about the methodology of making textual criticisms and explanations.