符码实践中的权力逻辑:教育不平等的新视角

The Power Logic in the Practice of Code:a New Perspective of Education Inequality——A Research on Code Theory of B.Bernstein

符码理论是伯恩斯坦的重要思想,为解释西方学生学业成败和教育不平等提供了一个崭新的分析框架。核心问题是:学校如何成为阶级再制的场域,符码、阶级和权力三者存在何种关系?以往研究认为学校教育是达成阶级平等流动的重要途径。然而,伯恩斯坦却发现:在资本主义制度下,由于符码背后蕴藏权力分配与社会控制原则,导致了教育不平等。学生来自不同阶层,言说符码有差异,造成学习起点明显差别。出身不利家庭的学生并未因学校教育而改善其学业成就不利现象,反而随着时间的增加,与中、上阶层学生之间的差距扩大。因为国家的课程都是精致型编码,饱含中产阶级语言特点,因此,中产阶级学生在学校教育中容易成功,而劳工阶级学生容易失败,现代市民社会的兴起也许是改变这一弊病的有效途径。

Code theory, a very important theory of B. Bernstein, provides a brand new analysis frame to explain the school record and education inequality of students in western countries. The key point of the article is how schools become the field controlled by class and what relationship among code, class and power is. In previous research, scholars agree that school education is an important means to achieve equal movement between classes. But B. Bernstein found that under capitalism system, power assignment and social control underlied code lead to education inequality. Code difference due to the fact the students come from different classes results in the apparent difference in the students＇ jumping - off point of study. Students from poor families doesn＇t improve their school records through school education, on the contrary, it widen their gap with students from middle and upper class. Elaborated code in national curriculum characterized ges from middle class results in the success of students from middle class in school education and by languathe failure of those from labor class. The rising of modern civil society may be the effective way to get rid of such weakness in education .