论艾森豪威尔政府的新面貌战略

On Eisenhower Administration's "New Look" Strategy

美国的全球遏制战略在朝鲜战争中遭受了巨大的挫折。继杜鲁门后走马上任的艾森豪威尔政府吸取了前任的教训,对美国的遏制战略做出了重大调整,调整后的战略被称为"新面貌"战略。"新面貌"战略以"用尽可能最小的代价取得对共产主义尽可能最大的威慑"为目的,其手段包括核威慑、联盟政策、心理战、秘密行动、与对手谈判等。"新面貌"战略自身存在着不可克服的矛盾和弱点,因而未能实现其预期的遏制目标。

The America strategies of containment suffered a great frustration in the Korean War. Eisenhower administration drew a lesson from his predecessor, Truman Administration, and made a great adjustment with the strategy of containment. The strategy adjusted was called the ＂New Look＂ Strategy. The goal of the New Look was to achieve the maximum possible deterrence of communism at the minimum possible cost. Its means included nuclear deterrence, alliances, psychological warfare, covert action, negotiations with the adversaries and so on. The New Look strategy itself had insurmountable contradiction and weakness, therefore, it couldn＇t achieve expected goal.