青霉素过敏患者合理使用头孢菌素研究进展

Developments of Using Cephalosporins in Penicillin-allergic Patients

头孢菌素与青霉素母核的相似性造成了头孢菌素与青霉素以及头孢菌素间的交叉过敏,但α环和侧链的差异使交叉过敏的发生率缺乏足够的指导意义。综合考虑多个因素对青霉素过敏患者使用头孢菌素的影响,可以更有效的避免患者对头孢菌素过敏反应和过敏性休克反应的出现。本文综述了药物过敏的分类、头孢菌素侧链和交叉过敏间的关系,青霉素过敏患者使用头孢菌素指导原则、以及各地区间头孢菌素皮试方法对青霉素过敏患者使用头孢菌素的意义及临床应用价值。

Penicillins and cephalosporins share a common beta- lactam ring, which lead to the cross- reactivity between them. However, for the difference of alpha rings and side, the degree of the cross - reactivity cannot directly be applied to the clinic. Integrating more factor of using cephalosporin in penicillin- allergic patients can more effective reduce allergy. The paper summarized the classification of allergies, the relations between the structure of beta - lactam drug and occurring of the allergies, the guideline of using cephalosporins in penicillin- allergic patients and the skin test in different areas, and points the meaning of the factors.