长期施肥对河西灌漠土有机氮组分的影响

Effects of long-term fertilization on the speciation organic nitrogen in irrigated desert soil

在长期小麦和玉米轮作的基础上,通过单施化肥以及化肥与其它有机肥料的配合使用,研究不同施肥对河西灌漠土有机氮组分的影响。采用1965年Bremner提出的土壤有机氮分级方法,对22年有机肥与化肥定位试验中的耕层土壤有机氮组成进行分级。结果表明,长期施用化肥和有机肥对河西灌漠土全氮和土壤有机氮组成有显著影响,施肥对不同形态有机氮的影响取决于肥料种类。与单施化肥相比,有机肥与化肥配合施用后显著提高了土壤全氮、酸解性氮与非酸解性氮的含量。在酸解性氮中,氨基酸态氮和酸解未知氮显著增加,氨基糖态氮含量也有所提高。与不施肥相比,施用氮肥显著提高了土壤全氮、酸解性氮与非酸解性氮的含量。在酸解性氮中,化学氮肥显著提高了铵态氮的含量,对氨基酸氮、氨基糖氮和酸解未知态氮影响较小。施用磷、钾肥对河西灌漠土全氮和有机氮各组分含量影响较小。

Based on long-term rotation of wheat and maize, the objective of the research was to study the effect of long-term chemical N fertilization or the mixture of chemical N fertilizer and other manures on irrigated desert soil organic N components. Organic nitrogen （N） forms in irrigated desert soil were quantified in a 22-year fertilization trial using the method proposed by Bremner in 1965. Result showed that soil total nitrogen and organic nitrogen fractions were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical and varied with fertilizer species. Compared with application of N and P fertilizes, manure with N fertilizes greatly increased the contents of total N, acid hydrolysable N and nonhydrolysable N; Of the forms of acid hydrolysable N, amino acid N and hydrolysable unidentified N were significantly increased and amino sugar N is increased also by manure with N and P fertilizers. Similar to manure with chemical fertilizer, N application significantly increased total N, acid hydrolysable N and nonhydrolysable N. Compared to the plots without N addition, N fertilizer significantly increased ammonium N but little affects amino acid nitrogen; amino sugar N and hydrolysable unidentified N. P and K fertilizer application did not significantly affect total N and organic N forms in irrigated desert soil.