橡胶种植对纳板河流域热带雨林生态系统的影响

Effects of rubber plantation on tropic rainforest ecosystem in Nabanhe river basin

通过实地调查数据对云南纵向岭谷区纳板河自然保护区热带雨林生态系统(包括不同海拔高度的3个样地),不同种植年限的人工橡胶林(分别为种植8a、种植20a和种植30a的3个样地)及1个次生林样地,植被和土壤的比较研究,定量分析了橡胶种植对热带雨林生态系统的影响。研究结果表明,①热带雨林随海拔高度的下降,生物量和土壤养分含量均呈增加趋势;中海拔热带雨林物种丰富度最高,群落层次丰富。②热带雨林开采为橡胶林之后,群落层次结构简单化,物种多样性明显下降,地上生物量下降,土壤养分状况变劣,次生林介于二者之间。研究结果可以为该地区土地的持续利用与生物多样性保护提供依据。

Based on the field investigation for the tropic rainforest （include three site on different altitute）, the rubber plantation with different years （for planting 8 years, planting 20 years, and planting 30 years）, and a kind of second rainforest in Nabanhe fiver Basin Nature Reserve of Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region of Yunnan, the vegetation and soil of above site were analzed. The effects of rubber plantation on tropic rainforest ecosystem were studied. The result shows that, （1） The aboveground biomass and edaphic nutrient of rainforest all show the trend of increase, the species abundance of tropic rainforest in medium altitude was highest, community hiberachy was abundant with the declining of altitute. （2） Compared with tropic rainforest, community hiber- achy was simple, species diversity declined significantly, aboveground biomass declined, status of soil nutrient become worse in the rubber forest, those of second rainforest was between rainforest and rubber forest. The obtained results offer the fundation for protection of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of land in the studied region.