森林自然保护地生态旅游资源研究进展

Research progress on ecotourism resources of forest natural protected area

旅游资源的评价、保护与开发模式研究是生态旅游研究领域的重要内容,而森林自然保护地是一类重要的生态旅游区。根据我国自然保护地的实际情况,参考国外自然保护地的定义与分类方式,可认为我国的森林自然保护地主要应主要包括森林生态系统类型自然保护区、森林公园及公益林场三种类型;森林自然保护地的生态旅游资源评价研究主要集中在两方面:一是单纯地从经济学角度对旅游资源游憩价值进行货币化评价与核算,二是从保护生物学和生态学角度对资源的可开发性进行评价,其侧重在于找到保护与开发的的科学平衡点;在森林自然保护地旅游资源的开发模式研究上,必须正确处理开发与保护的关系,把保护放在第一位,坚持"三大效益"兼顾的原则,才能实现森林生态旅游资源开发与保护的良性循环。由于经营目的和保护级别差异,自然保护区、森林公园及公益林场的生态旅游研究与实践尚存在发展不均衡、功能不突出等问题,随着生态旅游事业的深入发展,一些非热点和低等级的森林自然保护地在生态旅游理论研究与开发实践中将会发挥越来越重要的作用。

Resources evaluation, protection and development pattern both are the important parts of ecotourism researches, and forest natural protected area can be served as an important kind of ecotourism region. According to the present situations of protected area in China and referring to the definition and category abroad, we suggested the forest natural protected area mainly include three types as follow： Nature Reserves （NR; types of forest eco-system）, Forest Parks （FP） and Public Welfare Tree Farm （PWTF）. Researches of evaluation on ecotourism resources of forest natural protected area focused on two aspects basically： to appraise and account the ecotourism resources monetarily from the standpoint of pure economics; to assess the exploitability of ecotourism resources based on the theories of conservation biology and ecology, in which finding the reasonable equilibrating point between protection and utilization was emphasized. On the studies of development pattern of forest ecotourism resources, it is necessary to deal with the relationship between protection and exploitation correctively, namely to put the protection as the first consideration and balance the ＂Tree Major Benefits＂ so that prompting the virtuous circle of forest ecotourism. For the reasons of management goals and protective ranks, the researches and practices of ecotourism on NR, FP and PWTF still showed lots of questions, such as imbalance of development, less prominent of their functions and positions, and so on. As the ecotourism goes further in China, those forest natural protected areas which are non-hot and low administration rank will be playing more and more role in ecotourism researches and practices.