肿瘤化疗后细菌感染的特点及预防

The specificity and prevention of bacteria infection after chemotherapy

目的探讨肿瘤化疗后细菌感染的特点及预防感染的措施。方法采集237例肿瘤化疗患者的痰液、血液、粪便标本进行细菌培养及药敏试验,并分析患者白细胞数量、预防性用药与细菌感染的关系。结果438份标本阳性率为28.8%,感染的主要菌种为肠杆菌科细菌及革兰阴性细菌等常见条件致病菌;化疗后白细胞数量减少对细菌培养结果有影响,而预防性用药与是否发生感染无显著关系。结论化疗后易发生细菌感染。应重视加强支持治疗和消毒隔离,改善机体免疫力,积极开展细菌培养和药敏试验,合理使用抗生素,减少院内感染和耐药菌株的产生。

Objective To investigate the characteristics of bacterial infection after chemotherapy and the preventive measures. Methods The samples of sputum, blood and stool from 237 cases of cancer were studied by bacterial culture and susceptibility test. The relation between the amount of white blood cells and preventive treatment and infection of bacteria was analyzed. Results The incidence of bacterial infection of 438 samples was 28.8%. The bacteria responsible for infection were mainly opportunistic pathogens, including Enterobacteriaceae and Gram negative bacteria. The bacteria infection was associated with decreased amount of white blood cell after chemotherapy. No significant relation was found between preventive treatment and bacteria infection. Conclusion Bacterial infection is more likely to occur in the patients after chemotherapy. The supportive treatment and insulation should be paid more attention. The bacteria culture and susceptibility test have to be conducted. We should rationally rise antibiotics to decrease the rate of bacteria infection in hospital and the produce of drug resistant strain.