鸟类保护遗传学研究技术与进展

Research Technology and Advances in Avian Conservation Genetics

由于栖息地破碎化、捕猎、农药毒杀导致大部分鸟类的分布范围和数量均有不同程度下降,鸟类的保护研究已受到鸟类学家的广泛重视.简要介绍了PCR直接测序、MHC标记、微卫星DNA及RFLP、等位酶、RAPD等分子标记技术在鸟类遗传变异、种群结构、进化历史、亲缘鉴定及系统分类等保护遗传学领域的应用,同时,也对我国在该领域的研究现状进行了简要说明,并提出了今后研究与保护工作中应注意的问题.

With habitat fragmentation and environmental deterioration, most of avian species have dramatically decreased in population numbers and distributed areas. Studies on avian conservation are becoming very hot and focal fields. Avian conservation genetics mainly studies genetic variation, population structure, evolutionary history, parental testing, phylogeny, etc. Here, briefly introduced the application of several molecular marker techniques, including PCR directed sequence for DNA, microsatellite genotyping, MHC analysis, RFLP, RAPD in the avian conservation genetics. Furthermore, summarized the development of avian conservation genetics in China, and pointed out some problems for further studies so as to impel this kind of research in China.