话语作为(不)安全实践：语言、理论和“邪恶轴心”

Discourse as (In) security Practice:Theory and Rhetoric of "Axis of Evil"

作者以"言语行动"理论作为认识出发点,对(不)安全文化的来源进行重新思考,指出话语本身可成为一种(不)安全实践活动。把语言作为安全政治分析的主要单位,旨在超越长期以来仅把外界物质要素作为(不)安全文化来源的看法,看似"客观"、"自然"的安全政治问题,往往是国家之间彼此话语诠释和建构的产物,这类话语实践反过来可以成为制造国家之间深刻敌意和冲突的来源。作者以布什政府"邪恶轴心"论为例,说明不适当地使用语言与制造冲突紧张之间存在着一定因果关系。于是,制定良好的语言政策/战略,乃是确保国际关系稳定与和谐的重要因素。

Taking 'speech act' theory as its starting point,the article reconsiders sources of(in)security culture,and argues that discourse itself as social acts can be a source of(in)security culture.Treating language as a major unit of ana-lysis in the politics of security is to go beyond the conventional view that external material factors are taken as sources of(in)security culture.Politics of(in)security,seemingly 'objective' and 'natural',is in fact the pro-duct socially and discursively constructed and interpreted by nation-states.Discourse as social practice,in turn,can give rise to hostility and conflicts between nation-states.The study of Bush Administration's rhetoric of 'axis of evil' shows that there has been a causal relationship between the improper use of language and the creation of tensions among the nation-states.