跨越“鸿沟”:西汉官员迁转途径探论

Spanning "Divide":Probing into Promotion Ways of Officials of the West Han Dynasty

官员迁转是战国以后职官管理的重要组成部分。西汉时期,为巩固君主专制制度,统治者以对官员升降迁调为手段,实现对官员的赏功励能和奖优罚劣。根据对传世文献以及部分出土汉简材料的分析,西汉官员的迁转途径,除传统的察举、考核之途外,官员的自荐、他荐乃至检举告发他人之奸匿行为亦是西汉时期官员迁转的重要途径。受制于君主权威的西汉官员迁转管理,虽然在提高行政效率、巩固君主专制制度上发挥了一定的作用,但也有自身的消极影响。

Promotion of officials is the important part of administering the governors after the Warring stages period. At the age of West Hart, in order to solidify absolute monarchy, dominators make the officials＇ promotion as the ways to assess them. According to analyzing ancient literature and parts of excavated literature, not only traditional ways that examine and assess but also those are important ways of self oneself, being self oneself and reporting others. The rules under authority of emperor drive efficiency of administration and solidity monarchy, but it has some passive action.