空气弹簧力学模型与特性影响因素分析

Dynamical Model and Characteristics Analysis of Air Spring

刚度特性、频率特性和阻尼特性直接影响空气弹簧的隔振性能。利用工程热力学理论,建立了有、无附加气室空气弹簧的力学模型,推导出空气弹簧刚度与频率的数学表达式,并对影响空气弹簧特性的主要因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:空气弹簧具有明显的非线性特性,在外载荷变化大时,自振频率基本保持不变;空气弹簧的工作气压、有效面积变化率、工作容积、工作状态及节流孔直径是影响空气弹簧性能的主要因素。

The vertical stiffness, frequency and damp characteristic of air spring all have direct influence on the performance of vibration isolation. Two dynamical models of air spring with （and without） auxiliary chamber were established respectively based on the theory of engineering thermodynamics. The mathematical expressions of stiffness and frequency were deduced and main factors of determining air spring characteristics were analyzed subsequently. The results of this study showed that air spring has apparent nonlinear characteristic. The frequency keeps constant approximately whereas load of air spring supporting is changed largely. Working pressure, change rate of effective area, working volume, working conditions and diameter of the throttle hole are the main influencing factors on the performance of air spring.