裂解性弧菌噬菌体的分离及生理特性

Isolation and physiological characteristics of lytic bacteriaphages of vibrio

【目的】弧菌是水产养殖生物中常见的病原菌,本研究旨在寻求水产养殖病害可能的生物防治途径。【方法】本文于2006年春季、2005年秋季从沿岸海水及淡水湖采样,通过"双层平板法"分离裂解性弧菌噬菌体;对噬菌体及宿主进行电镜形态观测,同时采用16SrDNA分子测序技术鉴定宿主,并对噬菌体进行生理特性测定。【结果】从10个样品中分离出96株弧菌、2株裂解性噬菌体(Vibrio/XM/P1、Vibrio/XM/P2),噬菌体宿主分别属于Vibrio alginolyticus(溶澡弧菌)和Vibrio anguillarum(鳗弧菌);噬菌体头部都呈六边形,Vibrio/XM/P2有尾;两株噬菌体活性最适pH分别为7、8,最适温度分别为25℃、30℃,并都对高温和紫外线敏感;Vibrio/XM/P1对乙醚、氯仿不敏感,Vibrio/XM/P2对乙醚、氯仿敏感。

[Objective] Vibrio is a widely distributed pathogen in aquatic environment. Our study aimed at searching for possible biological control of pathogenic vibrio. [Methods] We collected natural samples from coast and lakes in spring of 2006 and autumn of 2005; and isolated lytic phages by double＇layer plate method. We identified the hosts with 16S rDNA sequencing and observed their morphology with phages under electron microscopy. We also tested the physiological characteristics of phages. [Results] We isolated 96 bacteria and 2 phages （Vibio/XM/P1, Vibio/XM/P2）. Their hosts belonged to Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio anguillarum. Both phages were hexagonal-headed and one with a tail. Physiological tests show that their optimum grow condition were pH7, 25℃ and pH8, 30℃. Both phages were sensitive to high temperature and UV light. Vibrio/XM/P2 was sensitive to aether and chloroform whereas Vibrio/XM/P1 not.