试论明代宗学设置的原因

The Reasons for the Setting-up of the Royal Clan Education in the Ming Dynasty

明代宗学于隆庆三年开始正式设置,万历四十六年最后完成,历时49年,先后共设置宗学30所。明代宗学的设置是多种因素共同作用的结果。明初建立的宗室教育机构功能的丧失是明中后期设置宗学的内在原因;宗室犯罪率上升及犯罪类型多样以及随着宗室人口剧增带来的宗禄问题是促使宗学设置的外在因素。

The royal clan education in the Ming Dynasty in the third year of Longqing （1569） began formally, it lasted 49 years to the 46th year of Wanli （1618）, and had set up a total of about 30 schools. The education of royal clan in the Ming Dynasty in a variety of settings was the result of various factors. The failure in the early Ming royal clan education was the internal reasons for the setting up of educational insitutions for royal clan in the later Ming period; after Tianshun the officials selection system evolved, crime rate rose with the dramatic increase in population and in salary of royal clan, which were the external factors for setting up the royal clan education schools.