主潮的贯通与边界的放阔——20世纪中国现实主义文学百年诗学考量

Penetration of the Mainstream Trend and Extension of the Frontier——A Critical Investigation of the Centurial Poetics iof the 20th-century Chinese Realist Literature

文学创作方法是作家艺术地认识和反映现实生活的基本方法,它客观地存在于文学创作实践的过程中,并通过文学作品反映出来。这些作品无论怎样充满了独特的个性特征,但却自觉或不自觉地遵循着一些共同性的创作规律。现实主义作为一个时代的文学,其创作理论的形成绝非偶然,绝非一成不变,尤其是现实主义精神的贯通与传承有其强大的生命力。中国古典传统现实主义、欧洲19世纪批判现实主义、前苏联社会主义现实主义,毫无疑问地构成了20世纪中国现实主义文学的三大理论渊源,并由此推动了"五四"现实主义文学、建国后十七年现实主义文学和新时期现实主义文学的三次高潮。

Methods of literary writing are primary means by which writers artistically observe and represent the reality of life, which present themselves in the course of literary writing and in literary works themselves. However individualistic and peculiar literary works are, they follow certain common rules consciously or unconsciously. Realism was popular in a particular historical period as a literary school, but its theory of literary writing did not take shape in one day nor did it never vary. More importantly, realistic spirit shows great vitality to penetrate and carry on. No doubt the 20th century Chinese realist literature owed its theory to three pioneer realist traditions, that is, classical realism in Chinese tradition, the 19th century European critical realism, and the realism of the former Soviet. Hence the three peaks of realist literature in China, the May-4th realist literature, the post-liberation realist literature, and realist literature in the new period.