隋唐行宫制度与宫廷革命——兼论陈寅恪“玄武门学说”之拓展

System of the Imperial Holiday Palaces in the Sui and the Tang Dynasty and Palace Coup——A Co-discussion on Extension of Chen Yinque's "Study of the Xuanwu Gate"

隋唐时期帝王行宫为数众多,主要集中于京师长安、东都洛阳的周围及两京道上,形成哑铃型分布格局。隋唐时期的行宫在功用上存在明显的不同,其中尤以避暑行宫的数目最多而且也最为重要。唐代都城建置对国家政治格局固然颇有影响,但宫廷革命的成败却并非只表现在宫城北门的得失这一个方面。隋及唐初的帝王们对不同的行宫有着不同的偏好,但他们对于某些行宫的频繁临幸和长时间居住,使这些行宫充当着临时性政治中心的角色,也就是说,客观上形成了两个政治中心,一个是都城,另一个是帝王所幸的行宫。帝王们在巡幸行宫期间,固然享受了生理或心理上的快感,但同时也为宫廷政变的发动者提供了绝佳时机。在行宫中发动政变的一方要想获得政变的成功,最为关键的因素是对相关行宫的控制。这一观点,可视为是对陈寅恪"玄武门学说"的一个拓展。

The imperial holiday palaces differed remarkably in function, especially the summer palaces, which were most numerous and most important. Although the arrangement of the capital in the Tang Dynasty had considerable effects on the situation of the state politics, the result of a palace coup didn＇t merely depend on the capture of the palace gate. During their holiday tours, the emperors enjoyed themselves both physically and psychologically. On the other hand, however, they created the best opportunities for the initiator of palace coup. A palace coup was initiated for success, and more importantly, for the control of related palaces. This can be regarded as an extension of Chen Yinque＇s ＂Study of the Xuanwu Gate＂.