卡西尔与海德格尔的达沃斯之辩

The Davos-debate between Cassirer and Heidegger

1929年在瑞士的达沃斯,卡西尔与海德格尔围绕着如何阅读康德这个话题展开了一场举世瞩目的辩论:究竟是新康德主义者对康德的知识论解读误解了康德,还是海德格尔的存在论解读误解了康德?卡西尔站在他的符号形式的哲学立场上为人类的无限和超越进行了辩护,而海德格尔则站在他的存在论基础上指明了人的本质规定就是有限性、历史性。从各自的立场出发,卡西尔主张康德哲学的核心问题是自由的可能性问题,而海德格尔则主张是对存在的理解问题。卡西尔指出,人类作为构造符号的动物通过文化形式不断地超越从而走向自由,而海德格尔则认为,人的自由只有通过自我解放才能获得。

A famous debate between Cassirer and Heidegger in 1929 at Davos started from issue about Neo-Kantianism and the proper interpretation of Kant. Cassirer disputed with Heidegger over the following issues from their respective philosophical standpoint： which interpretation of Kant is proper, Neo-Kantianism＇s interpretation or Heidegger＇s？ What is the central idea of Kant＇s doctrine, possibility of freedom or problem of being？ Cassirer argued that the capacity of man as symbolic formation not only constitutes a condition for the possibility of freedom, but also implies an inner freedom, energy and spontaneity, while Heidegger argued that it is nonsense that freedom is possible, the only and proper way for man to get freedom is self-liberation.