高精度三维地震采集处理解释一体化勘探技术与管理

High-Precision Seismic Exploration Integrated with Acquisition,Processing and Interpretation

随着二次三维地震勘探的不断深入,勘探目标逐步转向深潜山、复杂断块、岩性圈闭等,勘探对象趋于多样性、复杂性,常规勘探方法难以适应新的勘探需求。主要依托马西—八里庄三维采集处理解释一体化项目,在项目运作和管理方面,探索一体化项目的管理模式,摸索并归纳出采集、处理、解释各环节的质量控制结合点和质量监控措施,确保采集处理解释环节的有效统一;在勘探技术攻关方面,针对深小潜山、复杂断块和岩性圈闭等地质目标的不同需求,运用采集、处理、解释联合攻关的技术思路,在采集环节运用基于成像效果分析的观测系统优化设计技术、基于能量均衡的激发参数优选技术、综合表层模型和高密度井口时间的静校正技术等,提高原始资料的信噪比、分辨率和品质的稳定性;在资料处理阶段,利用叠前去噪技术、基于子波一致性的量化分析处理技术、基于保持振幅的覆盖次数归一化处理技术等,确保成果资料保真、保幅,具有较高的信噪比和分辨率,满足复杂构造精细解释和储层预测的要求;在综合解释方面,应用谱分解技术进行精确识别小断层、利用虚拟现实系统精细刻画深潜山和特殊岩性体,准确落实有利圈闭,从而提高钻探的成功率。

With more secondary 3D seismic exploration conducted,the targets for exploration are gradually turned to the deep buried hills,the complex fault blocks,and the lithologic traps.They get more diversified and complicated,so the conventional exploration methods can not meet the higher exploration requirements.The Maxi-Balizhuang project is taken as a typical example.From the perspectives of operation or management,the management pattern of integrated projects is explored.The quality control of acquisition,processing,and interpretation and the corresponding measures are summarized, which guarantees the unification of them.In the respect of developing exploration techniques,to meet all the requirements of buried hills,complex fault blocks,and lithologic traps,the integration of acquisition,processing,and interpretation is employed.During the process of acquisition,the designing technique for observation system optimization based on the analysis of imaging effect,the technique selecting shooting parameters based on energy equilibrium,the comprehensive surface model,and the static correction technique for high-density shot hole-time are all applied.As a result,the signal- to-noise ratio,the resolution,and the quality stability of original data are improved.During data processing,the prestack noise eliminating technique,the processing technique for quantitative analysis based on wavelet consistency,and the normalization processing technique of covering frequency based on keeping amplitude are applied.The feedback data,featuring in high fidelity,good amplitude preservation,high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution,can meet the requirement of fine interpretation and reservoir prediction of complex structure.In comprehensive interpretation,the spectral decomposition technique is applied to recognition of small faults,as well as the virtual reality system is used to describe the deep buried hills and special lithosome in details.The favorable traps are definitely implemented.Thus the drilling success rate is greatly enhanced.