东林党议视野下晚明文学的历史分期

Historical Stages of the Late Ming Literature from the Perspective of Donglin Party Struggle

晚明文学夹杂学术思潮,复杂而多变,故学界尚未有分期之论,然并非不可操作。万历二十年(1592)至天启四年(1624),是性灵文学繁盛的时期。在王学与"狂禅"的影响下,湖北地区的公安派和竟陵派先后登上历史舞台,高举"性灵"大旗,倡导革新,逐渐形成了全国性的影响,继而在东林党学术与政治的双重压制下先后没落。天启五年(1625)至崇祯十七年(1644),是社团文学繁盛的时期。伴随政治危机的加剧,东林党议的性质发生了变化,由原本士大夫之间利益的纷争,演化为东林党与阉党你死我活的血腥斗争。突出反映在文学上,则是江南地区文人结社的勃兴,呈现出党社一体化的鲜明特点。

The inclusion of academic thought in the late Ming Literature （1592-1644） is so complicated and changeable that there is no historical stages of the literature in the academic circle, but it is necessary and operable to divide the late Ming Literature into different stages. The years spanned from 1592 to 1624 witness the prosperity of spiritual literature in which, under the influence of the Gong＇an School and Jingling School in Hubei Province, the Wang and the ＂Zen＂ schools mount the historical arena by holding highly the ＂champions of Spirit ＂ banner for initiating the reform, and then decline in the double academic and political pressure of the Donglin Party. The years spanned from 1625 to 1644 witness the prosperity of society literature in which, with the worsening of the political crisis, Donglin party loses the original interests of the disputes between the literati by being involved in a life-and-death struggle between the Eunuchs and itself. Prominently reflected in the literature, the rise of writer＇s association in southern China shows the distinctive feature of party-society integration.