卢梭与19世纪西方审美范式的转换

Rousseau and the Conversion of 19^(th)-Century Aesthetic Paradigm

在卢梭及其著作那里,我们不仅可以看到西方古典主义美学的解体迹象,更能够发现19世纪艺术审美范式的转换镜像。19世纪西方审美范式的转换,就美的自身规定性而言,表现为从审美功利主义向审美自主性原则的转变;就艺术活动的自身规范而言,表现为从古典的原则性向现代的主体性的演进;就美学范畴和标准而言,表现为从追求"素朴的"优美转而推崇"感伤的"崇高。在卢梭那里,存在着古典的、浪漫的两种美学话语及审美原则的矛盾、交流和转换,他不仅直接开启了声势浩大的浪漫主义运动,而且对以康德为代表的德国古典美学产生了深远的影响,在很大程度上奠定了后世美学的根基和发展趋向。

Rousseau＇s works embody the disintegration of classical aesthetics and the conversion of 19^th-century aesthetic paradigm. By the provision of aesthetics itself, the conversion of 19^th-century western aesthetic paradigm means the transform from the aesthetic utilitarian to the principle of aesthetic autonomy, by the self-norm of artistic activity, the evolution from the classic principle to modern subjectivity, by the category and standard, the turn from the pursuit to ＂simple＂ beauty to ＂sentimental＂ nobility. There exist conflicts, communication and conversion between aesthetic discourses and principles of classicism and those of romanticism in Rousseau＇s works. Paving the way for the romanticism and exerting great influence on Germany classical aesthetics represented by Kant, Rousseau lays the foundation and development trend for the future aesthetics to a large extent.