鄱阳湖区海会镇洲滩底泥有机氯农药污染研究

Bottomland Sediment Organic Chlorine Pesticide Contamination in Haihui Town in Poyang Lake Area

目的了解鄱阳湖区洲滩底泥中有机氯农药的污染状况,为制订鄱阳湖区洲滩底泥中有机氯农药污染的防治措施提供科学依据。方法于2006年10月底,在鄱阳湖区海会镇的洲滩(北纬29°32′35″,东经116°05′49″)自湖水边向坡地依次设置4个采样点(各个采样点间距离约为150m,距离湖水边最远的采样点为蔬菜种植基地),在每个采样点采集土壤样品约200g。采用毛细柱气相色谱法(GC-ECD)对样品进行定性、定量分析,并进行有机氯农药的生态风险分析。结果鄱阳湖区海会镇洲滩底泥中六六六类(HCHs)农药含量平均为3.460μg/kg,属于轻度污染,主要残留物为γ-HCH,其平均值为2.485μg/kg。底泥中滴滴涕类(DDTs)农药含量平均为19.707μg/kg,其主要降解产物为p,p’-DDD(平均值为19.200μg/kg)。底泥中六氯苯(HCB)的含量由近湖点的1.525μg/kg上升到远湖点的15.925μg/kg。底泥中五氯酚钠(SP)含量较高,平均值达20.750μg/kg。结论鄱阳湖区洲滩存在有机氯农药污染,五氯酚钠洒药区域不应作为绿色食品生产的基地。

Objective In order to offer the gist to formulate measures of preventing and treating organochlorine pesticide （OCPs） pollution in the bottomland sediment of Poyang Lake Area, the pollution state of OCPs in the bottomland sediment was investigated. Methods At the end of October, 2006, the bottomland （29°32＇35＂N, 116°05＇49＂E） of Haihui town in the Poyang Lake area was selected, where 4 sampling sites from lake waterside to sloping field were set up. The space between two points was about 150 m, the farthest sampling point from the lake waterside was producing base of vegetable. 200 g soil was collected at each site and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC-ECD. The potential ecological risk was evaluated. Results The results showed that the contamination of HCHs in the bottomland sediment of Haihui town was at lower level, the main residue was γ-HCH, the average was 2.485 μg/kg. The average concentration of DDTs in the sediment was 19.707 μg/kg, the main degraded product of DDTs was p ,p＇-DDD at the average of 19.200 μg/kg. The hexachlorobenzene （HCB） concentration in the sediment near lake to far from lake was ascending from 1.525 μg/kg to 15.925 μg/kg. The sodium pentachlorophenate （SP） concentration of bottomland sediment was higher at the average of 20.750 μg/kg. Conclusion There was OCPs residue in the bottomland sediment of Poyang Lake Area. The sprinkling area of SP in the bottomland of Poyang Lake could not be used as the producing base of green food.