从经济翻身到精神翻身、人性解放——解放区文学中翻身农民的复杂心态、多元诉求与当代反思

From Economic to Spiritual Emancipation and That of Humanity:Reflections on the Complicated Mentality and Multi-Appeal of the Emancipated Peasants in the Fiction of Liberated Areas

解放区农民翻身有两种类型——被动式翻身和主动式翻身。解放区文学文本呈现了翻身农民复杂的思想冲突及其心态嬗变过程。马加的《夫妻识字》、孔厥的《受苦人》等作品体现出一种迥异的、可贵的精神翻身与人性解放意识。从农民如何获得彻底解放的问题意识出发,联系当代现实,反思解放区农民翻身解放的局限性可知,农民在政治翻身和经济翻身之后,继而在精神文化、思想意识上翻身才是一种走向终极意义上的解放,才有可能彻底摆脱封建道德、地主威权等"他者"依附性阴影,建构现代主体的独立人格,达到"人的自身解放"。

The present paper differentiates two types of the peasants＇ emancipation in the Liberated Areas： The passive one and positive one, presenting the emancipated peasants＇ complex conflicts in thought and the transformation of their mentality. Majia＇s A Couple Leaming to Read and Write and Kongjue＇s Sufferers and other literary works describe their entirely different and estimable spiritual emancipation and their awareness of the emancipation of humanity. Starting from the perspective of how the peasants can obtain complete emancipation, these works reflect on the limitations of their emancipation and have draw the conclusion that, only by cultural and ideological emancipation, can they fmally obtain ultimate emancipation, discarding their dependence upon such ＂Others＂ as the feudal ideology and the landlords＇ authority.