16-17世纪英国的瘟疫及其应对

Epidemics and its responsive measures in Great Britain in 16^th - 17^th centuries

在人类历史上，瘟疫既意味着个人的痛苦，也意味着社会的灾难，是历史中人类的另外一种生活体验。16—17世纪英国社会在面对瘟疫之时，反映是多方面的，应对措施也受着医学、宗教以及社会政治经济等方面因素的制约。虽然宗教观念在一定程度上对应对措施和医学科学的发展有消极的影响，但是政府医疗责任感增强并代替宗教机构承担起公共卫生的责任本身就表明了这是一种进步。

Historically, epidemics mean personal misery and social catastrophe in the history of humankind, and is another kind of living experience of the people. In 16^th - 17^th century, confronting the epidemics, British society had various reactions and responsive measures, which were influenced by various factors, including medicine, religion, politics and economy. Though the religious beliefs had negative influence, to certain extent, on the reactions and medical development, the responsibility of the government was strengthened, replacing religious organization to undertake works in public health, demonstrating that this is an advancement.