论战后初期英国独立核威慑政策的形成

British Independent Nuclear Deterrent Policy in Early Post-Word War II Years

二战结束后,原子能国际控制政策的失败、战时核合作关系的破裂、"苏联威胁"的不断加剧,促使英国政府基于自身衰落和战略脆弱性的认识制定了独立的核威慑政策。英国作出研制原子弹决策以谋求本国独立核力量和实行针对苏联的核威慑战略标志着英国独立核威慑政策的形成。这一政策主要是英国政府在美国军事力量尚未介入西欧防务而英国不得不单独面临"苏联威胁"的国际局势下作出的被动决策,反映了大英帝国在没落的窘境中所面临的巨大挑战。

Due to the fact that the international society had lost control over nuclear weapons and the wartime nuclear operation between the UK and the USA split shortly after World War Ⅱ, the British government was forced to develop its own nuclear weapons. Accordingly, the British government adopted an independent nuclear deterrent policy to cope with the growing ＇Soviet threat＇, and attempted to rise from the empire＇s decline. A passive choice of the British government, this policy indicated that the UK government was forced to tackle the threat from the Soviet Union with the absence of American military power for the defense of Western Europe, which, to a great extent, reflected the enormous difficulties and challenges the falling British Empire confronted.