美国职业体育产业政府规制体制探析

Discussion on Governmental Regulation System in the Industry of Professional Sports in America

政府规制是市场经济发展、成熟与完善的不可或缺的制度保证。美国政府不设立职业体育产业的专门规制机构,而是通过立法、司法、执法3个系统对职业体育产业实施分权、分级管理。从规范意义上来说,美国政府规制职业体育产业的动因是源于市场失灵,其规制目标是提高经济的有效性,纠正市场失灵,提高效率,维护公众利益。美国职业体育政府规制体制的基本模式与经验,为我国职业体育政府规制体制的改革与完善提供了借鉴与启示。

Governmental regulation is the indispensable institutional guarantee to the development, maturity and perfection of market economy. The American government does not set up the special regulatory organization to the professional sports industry, but implement administration to it in division of power and level by means of three systems of legislation, judicature and enforcement. On the normal sense, the reason of regulation of professional sports industry is the market failure, and the regulatory target is lifting the effectiveness of market economy, rectifying market failure, improving efficiency and defending public＇s benefit. The basic pattern and experiences of regulatory system in American professional sports industry provides important reference and inspiration for reforming and improving the regulatory system in our professional sports industry.