272例直肠癌患者的预后影响因素分析

Analysis of influence factors for the prognosis of 272 patients with rectal cancer

目的分析影响直肠癌根治术后患者预后的因素。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院1998-2002年272例TNM分期为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期且明确进行了根治性手术(R0)的直肠癌患者的随访资料,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,采用单因素和多因素Cox回归法分析直肠癌的预后影响因素。结果患者中位生存时间58.5个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为79%、70%、62%。单因素分析表明术前CEA水平、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移数及TNM分期为直肠癌预后的影响因素,术后辅助化疗是Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌预后的影响因素,年龄、性别、肿瘤的大体类型及脉管浸润与直肠癌的预后关系不大,肿瘤距肛缘距离不是直肠癌预后的影响因素。多因素回归分析表明,术前CEA水平、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移数为直肠癌的独立预后因素。结论直肠癌根治术后的5年生存率与肿瘤距肛缘距离无关,术前CEA水平、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移数为直肠癌的独立预后因素。术前准确的CEA指标和病理评估,早期根治性手术,恰当的术后辅助化疗有利于提高直肠癌患者的生存率。

Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and evaluate the influence factors for the prognosis of rectum carcinoma patients who had undergone surgical resection. Methods A retrospective analysis of data of 272 patients with rectum carcinoma in TNM stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ was made, all these patients underwent R0 surgical resection from 1998 to 2002 in the General Hospital of PLA. The survival rate was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The clinical characteristics and pathologic features were compared with the aid of monofactorial and multifactorial Cox regression analyses. Results The median survival time was 58.5 months, and the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of rectum carcinoma after surgical resection were 79%, 70% and 62%, respectively. With monofactorial analysis, preoperative CEA level, diameter of tumors, differentiation degree of tumor, depth of tumor invasion, the number of metastatic lymph nodes and TNM staging were found to be significant factors influencing the prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery had influence over the survival rates of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal carcinoma. Age, gender, histological type and infiltration of canalis haemalis were uncorrelated with prognosis. Preoperative CEA level, depth of tumor infiltration and the number of metastatic lymph nodes were proved independently to be the risk factors influencing prognosis by multifactorial analysis. Conclusions The tumor site was not the prognostic factor of rectal carcinoma after R0 surgical resection. Preoperative CEA level, infiltration and the number of metastatic lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors in predicting the postoperative outcome. Careful preoperative assessment, early radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy after operation can improve the survival rate in rectum carcinoma patients.