辖区间竞争、策略性财政政策与FDI增长绩效的区域特征

Competition among Jurisdictions, Strategical Fiscal Policies,and Regional Characteristics of FDI's Growth Achievements

本文基于财政视角,利用省际数据实证分析了为获取竞争的相对优势,辖区政府所采取的竞争策略及其随时间的转换特征,以及策略选择对FDI增长绩效的影响。研究显示:竞争的外部性使辖区间财政政策的选择表现出明显的策略性,其中,粗放式的税价竞争一直是我国辖区间竞争的主要特征,但随着时间的变化,竞争策略正在由单纯的税价竞争向财政支出领域扩展。不仅如此,由于经济发展水平的差异,辖区在竞争对象的选择上较竞争初期有了更强的针对性。辖区间激烈的财政竞争一方面使辖区内财政支出对非税收入的依赖程度出现不同程度的上升,另一方面也使财政支出结构表现出不同程度的扭曲。辖区间财政竞争不仅使辖区吸收FDI溢出效应的能力下降,降低了FDI的增长绩效,而且也使FDI的增长绩效在辖区间表现出明显的差异性。

Based on the view of finance, this text makes a positive analysis on competitive strategies among jurisdictions, its transforming characteristics along the time, and its effects on FDI＇ s growth achievements. It concludes： The choice of fiscal policies among jurisdictions takes on obvious strategies because of externality of competition, moreover, competition of tax price is always the main characteristic of jurisdiction competition in China. But along with the time, the competition strategies are expanding from the pure tax price to the expenditure domain. Because of the differences of economic development level, that jurisdictions choice competition objects becomes more rational, the extent that fiscal expenditure depends on the non-tax revenue rises by different extents, the structure of fiscal expenditure is distorted by different extents. Dependence on the non-tax revenue and distortion of expenditure structure not only suppress the capacity that jurisdictions absorb in FDI＇s spillover effects, and also have a negative influence on FDI＇s growth achievements, which is higher in eastern area than in the mid-west area.