合作与非对抗性抵制--弱者的“韧武器”

Cooperation and Unconfrontational Resistance:Tenacious weapons of the weak

本文依据作者近10余年来对中国东部和南部较发达地区村庄的实地调查资料,探讨当下中国农民在本土非农化压力、城市化暴力和工业私有化境况下采取的博弈策略,尤其关注其中新出现的合作机制再生发的意义。在中国当下的政治社会和经济体制条件下,当农民面对不确定的生存和保障前景时,会坚持固守一条独特的公正底线——"转换生计,持续保障"。这种公正观具有其坚实的草根基础。农民所采取的基本策略是运用"韧武器"——一种既柔软又坚实的武器,即采取非对抗性的抵制方式,选择不给被"拿走"(剥夺)的机会的做法,并借助于"集体(合作)力"的效应,使他们面临的问题公共化,从而获得行动的合法性。

This paper is based on a decade-long field research in villages in moderately developed areas in the eastern and southern parts of China.It analyzes peasant strategies in coping with the various pressures coming from local non-agricultural processes,the violence of urbanization,local developmental imperatives and privatization.It pays special concern on the regeneration of peasant cooperative mechanisms.It argues that Chinese peasants are holding close to a principle of justice characterized by 'sustainable prosperity without endangering livelihood' because they face uncertain livelihood and security prospects under current political,social and economic conditions.This principle is rooted in grassroots practices.Peasants adopt a strategy that utilizes what I call 'tenacious weapons',which are strong yet supple to use.That is to say,peasants adopt a form of resistance that is not confrontational,but focuses on withholding opportunities of being grabbed or deprived by outsiders.They do not refrain from using collective power to publicize their concerns and gain legitimacy for their actions.