《汉语“数+量+名”格式的来源》读后

Some notes on "The origin of the construction ‘numeral +classifier + noun’ in Chinese"

本文认为,上古汉语名量结构("名+数+量""数+量+名")可以分为两大类:带"之"的和不带"之"的。从语用功能的角度看,带"之"的一般是描写性的,而不带"之"的既可用于描写,也可用于实际的计量计数。不带"之"的出现在前,带"之"的出现在后,不存在"之"字脱落的历史过程。"数词+个体量词+名词"出现很早,也不可能是类推汉代前后才获得实际计量功能的"数词+单位词+名词"的产物。在语义相同或相通的条件下,不同的语序可以有相同的话语功能。

In ancient Chinese,the construction 'noun + measure word'('noun + numeral + measure word' or 'numeral + measure word + noun')can be classified into two groups according to the feature [± zhi(之)].In terms of pragmatic function,the group [+ zhi ] is descriptive in general,and the group [-zhi ] is descriptive and quantitative.The group [-zhi ] emerged prior to the group [+ zhi ],which makes the dropping of Zhi impossible.Furthermore,the emergence of the construction 'numeral + classifier + noun' is so early that it cannot be formed from the construction 'numeral + measure word + noun' which could have been used with quantified function in Han dynasty by analogy.The different word orders undertake the same discourse function and the same interpretation in contexts.