鲁中山区公路岩石路堑边坡植被自然恢复初步调查

A Survey of Natural Restoration of Vegetation of Highway Rocky Cut Slope on Mountainous Area in Middle of Shandong Province

为探讨公路岩石路堑边坡植被的自然恢复效果,为山区公路边坡防护设计和植被恢复设计提供参考,调查了鲁中山区的6条省道和2条国道,得到了边坡的岩石类别、风化程度,以及边坡的建设年限、坡度、坡高和边坡植被的覆盖度与优势物种,并简要分析了植被自然恢复的原因。初步结果显示:(1)花岗岩、闪长岩边坡的植被自然恢复效果远好于石灰岩边坡;(2)黄背草、荩草等为花岗岩和闪长岩边坡的优势物种,而荆条、酸枣等为石灰岩边坡的优势物种。建议:(1)对稳定的花岗岩和闪长岩边坡宜采用不妨碍植被生长的防护型式,实现植被的自然恢复;(2)对石灰岩边坡,宜采用岩石裸露处理,并穴栽灌木进行美化;(3)高速公路建设资金充裕不应成为随意扩大边坡工程防护的理由,将边坡植被自然恢复的理念应用到高速公路边坡设计中非常重要。

In order to study the effects of natural restoration of vegetation of highway rocky cut slope, and provide references for the protection design of highway slope and design of vegetation restoration on mountainous area, 6 provincial highways and 2 national highways are investigated in the middle of Shandong Province. The kinds and the weathering degree of slope rock, the built year, the gradient and the height of slope, the coverage degree and the dominant species of slope vegetation are gained, and the reasons of natural restoration of vegetation are concisely analyzed. The results show that： （1） the natural restoration effects of vegetation of granite slope and diorite slope are better then that of limestone slope; （2） themeda japonica, lanceolate arthraxon, etc are dominant species of granite slope and diorite slope, and vitex negundo var. heterophylla, zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa, etc are dominant species of limestone slope. It is advised that： （1） in order to achieve the natural restoration of vegetation, the protection types that cannot hinder the recovery of vegetation should be adopted for stable granite slope and diorite slope; （2） the rock should be treated with natural exposure for the limestone slope, and the shrub should be planted in the opening of rock for the purpose of beautification; （3） the abundant construction capital of expressway should not be the reason of extending optionally the scope of slope protection engineering, and it is very important to use the thoughts of natural restoration of vegetation to the slope design of expressway.