ProTaper机用镍钛锉预备弯曲根管后的损伤评估

Deformation evaluation of ProTaper nickel-titanium rotary instruments in curved canals instrumentation in vitro

目的评估ProTaper机用镍钛锉在预备弯曲根管后的损伤,以指导临床安全使用。方法选择13套新的ProTaper机用镍钛锉预备下颌第一磨牙近中颊根的弯曲根管,A组6套用于预备中度弯曲根管,B组6套用于预备重度弯曲根管,另外1套作为对照组。每预备1个根管后,在立体显微镜下观察并记录镍钛锉出现磨耗、缺损和分离的情况。选取预备5、10、20个根管后,而且在立体显微镜下检测完好的S1、F1两根锉,在扫描电镜下观察其螺纹表面状况。结果A组ProTaper机用镍钛锉在使用至12个根管后逐渐出现异常;B组在使用至7个根管后逐渐出现异常。在两个实验组中,立体显微镜下未发现磨耗、缺损或分离的锉,在扫描电镜下也可见表面有微裂;随着预备根管数的增多,锉尖微裂增多,先加深后变平;切割刃的微裂逐渐加深延长,使用20次后微裂越过切割刃。结论预备重度弯曲根管较中度弯曲根管易造成ProTaper机用镍钛锉的损伤。使用ProTaper机用镍钛锉预备中度弯曲根管时不宜超过12次,预备重度弯曲根管时不宜超过7次。应用立体显微镜检查有助于发现磨耗及缺损,可以预防临床使用中镍钛锉的突然分离。

Objective To evaluate the deformation of ProTaper rotary instruments using in root canals of different curvature in vitro. Methods Extracted first mandibular molars were divided into two experimental groups according to the curvature of mesial buccal canals： group A with moderate curvature and group B with severe curvature. Only the mesial buccal canals of all these teeth were prepared with 6 sets of new ProTaper rotary instruments individually. Additionally, the control group was established with a set of new ProTaper rotary instruments. After finishing each canal preparation, the instruments accompanied by control were examined under the stereomicroscope by an inspector without knowing the group. If distortion, unwinding, abrasion or fracture occurred within one set of instruments, then the whole set was disposed. The sets without problems were in use until 30 times. After 5, 10, 20 times canal preparation, S1, F1 files without deformation under stereomicroscope were examined under scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Results Deformation of ProTaper rotary instruments happened after 12 times in group A and after 7 times in group B. In these two experimental groups, microcracks were found increasing with the times of use under SEM in the instruments without deformation under stereomicroscope. The microcracks on tip of instruments were deep in the early use and became smoother after 10 times. Similar changes happened on knife-edge of instruments, and the microcracks extended over the edge after 20 times use. Conclusion Root canals with severe curvature tend to damage ProTaper rotary instruments more frequently than moderately curved canals. ProTaper rotary instruments are appropriate to treat less than 7 root canals with severe curvature or 12 root canals with moderate curvature. Stereomicroscope is recommended to detect early damages on Ni-Ti rotary instruments, for preventing instruments fracture in clinic.