蜂胶与三种化学防腐剂抑菌性能的比较

COMPARISON OF BACTERIOSTATIC PROPERTY OF PROPOLIS WITH THREE CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES

目的研究蜂胶与某些化学防腐剂的抑菌性能及其稳定性。方法采用肉汤稀释法和定量抑菌试验法,对蜂胶及三种化学防腐剂抑菌性能进行比较观察。结果蜂胶对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和黑曲霉菌的最低抑制浓度依次为7.8、31.25和31.25 g/L。苯甲酸钠对金黄色葡萄球菌最低抑制浓度为62.5 g/L,山梨酸和山梨酸钾对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和黑曲霉菌的最低抑制浓度达到125 g/L以上。含10 g/L的蜂胶溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌作用10 min,抑菌率可达99.92%;对大肠埃希菌作用20 min,抑菌率仅为67.22%。苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钾对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌作用20 min,抑菌率均达不到50%。含量10 g/L蜂胶经55℃存放14 d,对金黄色葡萄球菌杀灭效果无明显下降。结论蜂胶对细菌繁殖体和霉菌都有较强的抑菌作用,其储存性能稳定;蜂胶抑菌性能明显优于苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钾等防腐剂。

Objective To study the bacteriostatic properties and stability of propolis and some chemical preservatives. Methods The bacteriostatic properties of propolis and three chemical preservatives were observed by using bacterial inhibition zone test and nutrient broth dilution method. Results The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） of propolis on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger was 7.8, 31.25, 31.25 g/L respectively. The MIC of sodium benzoate on S. aureus was 62.5 g/L, while all MIC of sorbic acid and potassium sorbate on S. aureus, E. coli and Asp. niger were 〉 125 g/L. The bacteriostatic rate of 10 g/L propolis was 99.92% after it mixed with S, aureus for 10 rain, but its bacteriostatic rate was just 67.22% after it interacted with E. coli for 20 min. The bacteriostatic rates of sodium benzoate, sorbic acid and potassium sorbate were all 〈50% after they respectively interacted with S. aureus and E. coli for 20 min. It was found the antibacterial efficacy of 10 g/L propolis to S. aureus decreased nothing obviously after storing at 55℃ for 14 days. Conclusions Propolis has strong bacteriostatic efficacy and good stabilization. Its bacteriostatic effect is much better than sodium benzoate, sorbic acid and potassium sorbate.