向死而生:武士道生死观之述评——以《叶隐闻书》为中心

On the Bushido from the Perspective of Life and Death Thought

武士道是日本传统精神的重要组成部分,曾经长期作为社会道德的基石,对日本国民的个人修身和民族性格产生了深远的影响。《叶隐闻书》是武士道最重要的理论典籍,而生死观则是武士道核心精神的体现。从生死观的角度来考察并阐发武士道的精神:(一)其特点是重死轻生和向死而生;(二)其内容为"离生死"、"任事"和修武德;(三)其意义为忠君奉公的世间意义和道身合一的终极意义;(四)"死狂"心理和"预立"意识是武士了脱生死的途径。

Bushido, as the fundamental part of the Japanese tradition, played a far-reaching influence on the forming of Japanese nationality. Hagakure （yeyinwenshu） is the most important analects for samurai. Especially, the thought of life and death embodied the whole spirit of Bushido. From the angle of life and death thought, this article examines the character, content, significance of the Bushido.