短语结构与语类标记:“的”是中心词?

Phrase structures and categorial labeling:De as a head?

"的"是否为中心词颇受争议。本文提出"的"在句法上虽像中心词,有次语类化要求,得有两个成分同时出现,并允许真空语类的存在,但它在短语结构上没有中心词的特征,不衍生出"的"短语,使所有包含"的"的短语都归于同类。也没有任何词项的次语类化要求一定有"的"。这种不协调的现象——虽然在句法上像中心词,但在短语结构上却不像中心词——是因为"的"本身没有类别特征,如同一般连词。因此,它们虽是中心词却没有中心词的重要特性——决定所衍生出来短语的语类。整个短语的类别得由与"的"合并的短语决定,这个短语变成整个短语结构的中心。这表示中心词语的决定是衍生性的——最简方案光杆短语理论决定中心词的方法。

Whether de(的)is a head of a phrase has been a topic of controversy.The paper shows that de is like and unlike a head.As a head,it licenses a true empty category and has subcategorization requirements — requiring the co-occurrence of two constituents.However,it does not behave like a head in regard to the characterization of phrase structures because there is no de-phrase and there is never a subcategorization or selection requirement for a de-phrase.The seemingly incongruent phenomena are not unique — they are the properties of conjunction words.These words are characterized by their lack of categorial features.Even though they behave like a head in regard to subcategorization requirements,they do not project categorial features to create phrases headed by them.The category of the phrase projected is determined by the constituent merged with de/the conjunction word and this constituent becomes the head of the phrase.Such fluidity of head determination shows that a head is defined derivationally — the approach in the Bare Phrase Structure of the Minimalist Program.