1Harris, Alice. C. and Lyle Campbell. 1995. Historical Syntax in Cross-linguistic Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2Heath, Jeffrey. 1978. Linguistic Diffusion in Arnhem Land. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
3Hopper, Paul J. and Elizabeth C. Traugott. 2003. Grammaticalization. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
4Li, Charles N. 1983. Languages in contact in western China. Papers in East Asian languages 1:31 -51.
5Moravcsik, Edith. 1978. Language contact. In Joseph H. Greenberg, Charles A. Ferguson, and Edith A. Moravcsik, eds. , Universals of Human Language Vol. 1. Stanford, IL: Stanford University Press. Pp. 93- 123.
6Smith, Neil V. 1981. Consistency, markedness and language change. On the notion "consistent language". Journal of Linguistics 17,39 -54.
2Hopper P J, Traugott E C. Grammaticalization [ M ]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005.
3Traugott E C. From propositional to textual and expressive meanings : some semantic-pragmatic aspects of grammaticalization[C]//Winfred P, Lehmann, Yakov Malkiel. Perspectives on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam : Benjamins, 1982.
4Gao Y, Thomas F L. Ten Lectures on Cognitive Grammar by Ranald Langacker[ M]. Beijing : Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2007.
