“攀附先世”与“伪冒士籍”--以渤海高氏为中心的研究

Fabrications in the Genealogy of Noble Families:A Case Study of the Bohai Gaos

世系绵长是构成中古士族门第的重要因素,但在士族谱系绵延不绝的表象背后存在着明显层累造成的痕迹,攀附先世和伪冒士籍是其中最常见的两个问题。渤海高氏在这两方面都颇具有典型性。渤海高氏本非汉晋旧族,但是通过攀附陈留高氏和齐国高氏,成功地将其家族先世追溯到春秋时期。随着渤海高氏郡望的形成,高崇、高肇、高颎、高欢等房支纷纷通过各种手段冒姓渤海高氏,这些冒入的高氏在唐代构成了渤海高氏谱系中重要的组成部分。

A long-running continuous genealogy constituted one of the important aspects of a noble family in medieval China. However, traces of fabrication may be found behind the apparent continuity. The claim of distinguished ancestry and taking up a distinguished family name are among the most commonly used means of fabricating a family genealogy. The family of the Bohai Gaos was typical in both respects. The Bohai Gaos were not an old family in the Han and Jin Dynasties. However, through forged relations with the Gaos of Chenliu and the Gaos of the Qi state, they successfully extended their family tree back to the Spring and Autumn period. After Gao became a powerful family name in the state of Bohai, other families such as Gaochong, Gaozao, Gaojiong and Gaohuan changed their original names to Gao by various means. These families were an important component of the genealogy of the Bohai Gaos in the Tang Dynasty.