中国农村公共投资、社会性支出与贫困问题研究

A Research on Rural China's Public Investment,Social Expenditure and Poverty Issue

农村贫困是制约农业经济发展、影响农村社会稳定的最重要因素,减贫制度设计的优劣直接决定着农村贫困状况改善的程度。本文以改革开放以来中国贫困性质的演变为线索,以历史的、发展的眼光分析了开发式减贫制度的作用机理,指出其在制度设计中强调公共投资,忽视、弱化社会性支出的安排可能是导致近年来农村减贫边际效益递减的最主要原因。在此基础上,本文从政府扶贫资金投向角度,提出了农村减贫制度创新的基本分析框架,对公共投资和社会性支出的历史效果进行了实证分析。制度分析和经验分析的结果表明,在扶贫资金中不断提高教育和各项社会性支出水平,对于下一阶段农村减贫效果显著。这一结论对于重新审视中国减贫战略,实施有利于贫困人口的制度创新,无疑具有重要的现实意义和深刻的政策含义。

The paper analyzes the functional mechanism of development-oriented poverty relief system in re- gard to different kinds of below-poverty population from a historical perspective.We point out that too much.emphasis on public investment and the neglecting and weakening of social expendi- ture in the design of development-oriented poverty relief system is the dominant reason that cau- ses diminishing marginal utility in poverty relief.Further,we establish a fundamental analysis framework of innovative rural poverty relief system from the angle of government poverty relief fund.Based on the framework,we make a demonstrative analysis on whether the historical and present distribution of public investment and social expenditure is the best choice when the pover- ty relief is considered.Institutional and empirical analysis indicates that the increase of education expenditure and all kinds of social expenditure contributes to rural poverty relief significantly.