保护地栽培对黄花菜生长发育的影响

Influence of Protected Cultivation on Growth and Development of Citron Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina)

利用2004-2006年连续的田间试验资料,分析了传统种植方式下黄花菜的生长发育特性,同时比较了保护地栽培黄花菜和大田栽培黄花菜的水热效应和生长特性。结果显示,地膜覆盖增温保墒效应明显,黄花菜发育期提前,长势较好,但产投比较低;而秸秆覆盖可有效抑制春季土壤温度过快回升,减少土壤水分蒸发,延长黄花菜采摘期,产投比较高;采取越冬覆盖措施可减少非生长季土壤水分无效消耗,增加保墒作用,减轻春旱对黄花菜生长的影响,但地膜覆盖成本较高,经济效益较差,在生产上应该大力推广成本较低的秸杆覆盖种植技术,不但能够预防春旱危害,而且经济效益显著。

Based on the data of the field experiments in 2004 -2006, the characteristics of the growth and development of the citron daylily （Hemerocallis citrina） under traditional growing pattern, and the hydrothermal effects and growth characteristics under the protected and field cul- tivation were compared. The results showed that the effect in increasing temperature and keeping soil moisture was significant by plastic mulc- hing, while the growth period of the citron daylily advanced and grew better, but with relative lower yield.＇ The excessive increase of the soil tem- perature in spring was effectively strained by the straw mulching, and the soil moisture evaporation was reduced. Consequently the picking period was extended with a relative high yield. It was concluded that the mulching during the overwintering period could reduce the non-effective consumption of the soil moisture in the non-growing periods, and reduce the influence of the spring drought on the growth of the citron daylily. The straw mulching was recommended as one of the low cost mulching techniques.