江汉平原盛夏冷害的发生趋势和气候背景

Occurrence Trend and Climate Background of Chilling Injury in Midsummer in Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province

采用荆州农业气象试验站1954-2006年的实测资料,分析得出:江汉平原8月低温冷害发生频率呈现增多、过程时段变长、降温强度加大的趋势,进入21世纪后,连续4 a出现8月份日平均气温连续3d或以上低于23℃的低温天气;产生冷害的天气气候背景主要是涝梅、伏涝、凉夏和冷空气入侵。这种极端天气气候事件的发生,给当地中稻(杂交稻)生产造成严重损失,应加强监测、预报、预警,以及时采取对策。

Based on the meteorological data observed by Jingzhou agri-meterologieal station from 1954 to 2006, the occurrence trend and climate background of chilling injury in midsummer in Jianghan Plain of Hubei Province were analyzed. The Results indicated that the occurrence frequency of the chilling injury in August in Jianghan Plain increased, while the interval of the chilling injury occurrence became longer and the strength of the＇ temperature drop enhanced. The low temperature weather lasted three days or with lower than 23℃ of the daily mean air tempera- ture in August had appeared for four years in succession since the 21^st century. The climate backgrounds caused the chilling injury were mainly flooding during the rainy season and dog days, the cold summer and the cold air nitration. These extreme weather events led to a serious damage to the middle season rice production. The nmnitoring, forecast and precaution of these extreme weather events should be enhanced.