我国洪水灾害补偿模式研究

Research on compensation mode for flood hazard in China

我国目前的洪水灾害补偿以国家补偿为主,存在救济力度小,资金使用效率低下以及激励不相容的问题,而市场补偿机制不完善,洪水保险屡试屡败。通过对洪水风险以及补偿性质的分析,指出洪水风险是公共风险,是不可保风险,洪水补偿是准公共产品。建议建立政府、市场、公众合作的补偿模式。提出补偿模式应该遵循能力、公平以及效率依据,基于成本原则,以政府主导为主,市场参与为辅,多层次分担风险,以及提高公众洪水风险意识的原则。

The eurrent eompensation for flood hazard is mainly from governmental relief, whieh is seriously inadequate, ineffieient and without benefit to flood risk roduetion. Flood insuranee fails repeatedly, so the market eompensation meehanism is not mature. This paper analyzes the properties of flood risk, and point out flood risk is publie risk and non insurable. It is suggested partnership among government, market, and the publie should be established to eompensate flood hazard. The new mode should be based on eapabilities, equity, and effieieney. The prineiples, eost based on risk, equity, government-sponsored, risk ineurred by multi parties and improving the publie flood eonseiousness should be followed.