设施栽培条件下田间低温处理对不同品种桃树生长发育的影响

Effects of Low Temperature on the Growth and Development of Different Cultivar Peaches in Canopy

为建立田间低温处理下桃树设施栽培优质高效栽培技术体系,采用机械制冷的方法,研究了设施栽培条件下田间低温处理后5个品种桃树的生长发育动态。田间低温处理后,5个品种桃树花期均较长,且同一品种桃树制冷120h的花期较制冷220h的有所延长;除制冷220h的元红外,各品种桃树新梢生长趋势一致,呈单"S"型曲线;叶片长度的变化均呈单"S"型曲线,而叶片宽度的变化趋势不尽相同;不同品种、不同处理之间果实的生长发育差异较大;制冷120h的迎春、春红、元红均出现花器官败育现象,且主要表现为无雌蕊;各品种桃树短、中、长果枝均能结果,且均以中果枝和长果枝结果为主。结果表明:设施栽培条件下5℃连续低温对解除桃树休眠是有作用的,但制冷时间偏短,并未完全解除桃树休眠,导致桃树生长发育障碍。提出了今后亟待研究解决的一系列问题。

Some refrigerant mechanism measures were introduced to creat a low.temperature canopy in which a superior and highly efficient peach cultivating system was established, and the growth and development of the five cultivar peaches in this system were researched.All the five cuhivar peaches had long florescence;th.e same cultivar peach received 120h low temperature treatment had a longer florescence than it if received 220h;besides the Yuanhong received 120h low temperature treatment,new shoots＇growth and development of all the other peaches shared same feature which represented in the same law of single ＇S＇;length＇change of leaves had same law of single ＇S＇ ,however,the trends of leeaves＇ width differed;the growth and development of fruits varied due to different cultivar peaches and different treatments;the flowers of Yingchun, Chunhong and Yuanhong received 120h low temperature treatment had abnormal organs, and most of them had no pistil; all the long branches, middle branches and short branches could set fruits, and mainly by middle branches and long branches.The results showed： constant treatment by 5℃ was effective on breaking dormancy of peach in canopy, but the time was too short to break dormancy completely, as a result, it lead to unnatural growth and development of peach. Bring up a series questions which need to be settled instantly.