太行山前平原不同轮作模式水资源利用效率评价

Dynamic Soil Water Variation and WUE of Different Cropping Patterns in the Piedmont of Mt. Taihang

高耗水的麦玉种植模式是导致华北平原水资源日益紧缺的主要原因之一,通过对不同种植模式的研究,遴选高效节水的替代模式是解决该区水资源问题的重要途径之一。笔者对在太行山山前平原开展的不同轮作模式进行实验研究,对不同轮作模式下的0￣180cm土壤贮水量动态变化、耗水量、等价产量及水分利用效率进行了连续4年的动态监测。模式分为四种:①麦-玉一年两熟模式(对照);②春甘薯→春棉→春甘薯→麦-玉;③春花生→麦-玉两年三熟模式;④春大豆→麦-玉两年三熟模式。研究结果表明:与麦玉轮作模式相比,试验设计的替代模式均有节水潜力,排序为模式2>模式4>模式3>模式1。从等价产量与耗水量比较,模式2在减产37.63%的同时减少耗水15.99%,模式3在减产19.73%的同时减少耗水13.42%,模式4在减产37.4%的同时减少耗水13.81%。相比之下模式3的组合较优,可以部分替代麦玉模式。

One of the main reasons of water shortage in the North China Plain is high water consuming cropping system called winter wheat ＆ summer maize cropping system. And one of the most important way of solve the water resources problem is to find a substitute cropping pattern which has high water use efficiency and water saving system through the adjusting to different crops. Field experiments and dynamic surveys were conducted continuously for four years in the Piedmont of Mt. Taihang. This research was studied about the dynamic variations of 0-180cm soil water storage, total water consumption, equivalent yield and water use efficiency of different cropping patterns.Pl：Winter wheat-summer maize two crops a year; P2： spring sweet potato-spring cotton four crops three years; P3：spring peanut-Winter wheat-summer three crops two years;P4： spring soy bean-Winter wheat-summer three crops two years. Compared to the wheat maize system, the resuits showed that, each cropping pattern designed has the potential of water saving function, and the order of the patterns was P2〉P4〉P3〉P1. As the result of the equivalent yield and total water consumption, we can see that P2 reduced the equivalent yield by 37.63% with the reduction of total water consumption by 15.99%, and P3 was by 19.73% to 13.42%, and P4 was by 37.4% to 13.81%. And above all, P3 is better than others which could substitute to wheat and maize cropping system partly.