近代中国历史大变局中的“中间”知识分子——以“科学社”同人群体为中心的考察

Liberal Intellectuals in the Historic Transition of Modern China:An Examination Centered on the Community of "Science Society"

民国时期著名的科技精英团体——"中国科学社"成员,多数有着欧美著名大学的留学经历,认同西方"自由主义"价值,而又满怀"科技报国"之心。这批知识分子在不同时期与执政当局的离合关系,表明了"科学社"同人终身不渝的爱国情怀,以及对国家科学事业发展所作的贡献,同时也可见他们在中国近代阶级搏斗空前激烈的背景下,在面临历史大变局时表现出来的彷徨心态和无奈选择作了揭示。在中国近代国共两大政治势力已经形成后,"中间势力"生存的空间是极为有限的,不管是"入世"还是"出世",他们都没有成为独立的势力,因此也始终没有走出寻求自身定位的困境,他们的历史命运也从一个重要角度折射出了中国近代社会转型的困顿。

This paper studies the famous technological elite community-＂Chinese Science Society＂ in the nationalist government period. These intellectuals received education in Europe and America. They held the Western values of liberalism but at the same time were dedicated to utilizing Western advanced technology to construct the nation. This paper highly commends the patriotism of the members of ＂Chinese Science Society＂ and their contributions tO the scientific development of China. At the same time, it points out their helpless and lack of choices when confronted with class combat in modern China, The author holds that in modern China after the two political powers of KMT and CCP have been established, the living room for the so-called ＂Middle Power＂ is extremely limited, no matter ＂in or out the political World＂, these people have not become an independent power, and therefore never overcome the dilemma of their self-identity seeking, Their historical fate thus provides instructive reflection on the dilemmas encountered by China in its transition towards modern society.