斯宾诺莎早期哲学中的上帝和人

The God and Human in the Early Philosophy of Spinoza

斯宾诺莎是西方近代哲学史中具有深远影响的代表人物之一,他的哲学源自犹太教的神秘主义思想和笛卡尔哲学的影响,但他在这二者的基础上开创了自己影响深远的实体一元论。斯宾诺莎在自己早期的哲学探索之中对神和人的关系进行了卓有成效的研究,虽然还有着浓厚的笛卡尔色彩,但却已经有了自己的个性。斯宾诺莎早期对于神和人的关系的探索集中在对于神的存在性的确认以及对于神的属性的讨论,在确定了神的至高无上性之后,他又把自然和神等同了起来,这样就把自然提高到了一个和神一样的地位,从而确定了其哲学的泛神论特点。而对于人的属性的讨论也是在这一个前提之下进行的,正由于人的一切属性在于被神的必然性所决定,因此人的真正的幸福就在于对于神的必然性的认识以及对于神的爱。

As one of the most significant giants in the history of western philosophy, Spinoza theorized his characteristic idea system which derived from Jewish mysticism and Descartes ideology, however, overwhelmingly surpassing his ancestors with his distinct cogitation on the basic ideas of philosophy. There existed some parts , in his early ideas, indicated that the influences of Descartes played a important part for him to established his own theory, under this situation, Spinoza still made many distinguished researches about the relationship between the God and human with his wellbeing. The contemplation of relationship between the God and human in the early-Spinoza thinking is mostly based on the confirmation of the existence of the God and the discussion about his properties. Afterward, he equaled the nature and the God so as to give the nature the same properties with the God. Seemingly, as the wellbeing of human is decided by the God, the true and eternal jubilation is due to the cognition to the absolution of the God and the love to the God.