关于遏止分离性公民投票的对策思考——以魁北克“公投”为个案

The Thought on Countermeasure to Curb the Seceding Referendum——Taking Referendum of Quebec as a Case

加拿大魁北克就"独立"议题所举办的两次公民投票属于分离性公民投票。事后加拿大政府规定了启动公民投票的复杂程序,无疑等于在事实上限制甚至取消了魁北克分离出去独立建国的可能。该案例表明,一个主权国家的内部的某个地区欲通过公民投票的形式来获取分离独立,中央政府有最终的权力决定是否允许其脱离出去。因地区分离势必会影响到母国的利益,为此,母国对分离性公民投票一般持以反对的态度。该案例还启示我们:对分离性公民投票不能迁就让步,要善于运用法律手段遏止分离主义,要建构妥善解决"差异"问题的制度安排。

The two referendums about ＂independence＂ in Quebec of Canada are seceding referendum. After that,Canadian government set the complex procedure to initiate referendum. It＇s no doubt that this actually restrains or even rules out the possibility of Quebec＇s secession and independence. As this case indicates, if some district of the sovereignty country would like to gain secession through referendum, the central government has the supreme power to decide whether to allow its secession or not. Because district secession must influence the interests of the country, the country generally opposes seceding referendum. The case also shows us that^we must curb secession by law and constitute institutional arrangement that can cope with issues on ＂difference＂ ,rather than compromise with secession.