不同基因型大豆生长和结瘤对羟基磷灰石的吸收利用

Genotypic Differences in Growth and Nodulation of Soybean Cultivars to Hydroxyapatite Fertilizer

以来源于东北、西北和南方的15个不同基因型大豆品种作为供试材料,利用砂培培养方法,研究不同基因型大豆利用钙磷的差异。结果表明,钙磷对西北大豆生物量的促进作用最大,其次是南方品种,最后是东北品种。与东北品种比较,西北品种和南方品种生物量分别较东北品种增加32.9%和26.9%。垦农18、垦98-602和黑豆分别与相同来源的其它4个基因型大豆生物量达到5%的差异显著水平。通过比较和方差分析认为,钙磷对促进大豆根生物量增加比对地上部生物量增加的作用大。钙磷对南方和西北大豆根瘤形成的影响比东北的大。钙磷对南方大豆根瘤干重的促进作用最大,其次是东北大豆,最后是西北大豆。然而,方差分析表明,垦农18根瘤干重与东北的其它4个品种差异达到5%显著水平;西北的5个品种根瘤干重未达到差异显著水平;安选普定皂角豆的根瘤干重与其它4个南方品种差异达到5%的显著水平。相同来源的大豆地上部含磷量的平均值进行比较,东北品种地上部含磷量最高,达到2.23gkg-1,西北品种为2.14gkg-1,南方品种仅含有1.69gkg-1;根系含磷量是南方品种最高,达到2.03g kg-1,西北品种为1.66g kg-1,东北品种仅含有1.57g kg-1;根瘤含磷是西北品种最高,达到4.62g kg-1,东北品种为3.80g kg-1,南方品种为3.89g kg-1。不同来源大豆基因型根际pH差异较大,5个品种根际pH的平均值相比较,东北大豆根际pH最高,为6.17,其次是南方大豆为6.01,最低的是西北大豆,pH为5.81。方差分析表明,无论哪种来源的大豆,各品种根际pH都未达到差异显著水平。钙磷利用效率由高到低的顺序是南方、西北和东北品种,分析认为磷素利用效率并不能完全代表作物对钙磷的利用差异,综合作物对磷的吸收累积量将更有代表性。

Growth and nodulation of 15 soybean genotypes to hydroxyapatite fertilizer were assessed using sand culture, and these soybean were from northeast, northwest and south of China respectivel. The results showed that the hydroxyapatite fertilizer increased soybean biomass accumulation in an order： northwest〉south〉northeast. Compared with northeast genotypes, the biomass of the northwest and south genotypes were 32.9 and 26.9% greater than the northeast, respectively. The biomass difference between Ken-18, Ken-98-602, black soybean and other genotypes reached 5% significant level. Otherwise, the effects of hydroxyapatite fertilizer on nodule formation in the south and northwest soybean genotypes were greater than that in the northeast genotypes. The nodule dry weight was in an order： south 〉northeast〉northwest. The nodule dry weight difference between Ken-18 and other northeast genotypes reached 5% significant level, however, it was not significant among the 5 northwest genotypes. Anxuanpudingzhaojiao soybean had significant difference with other and in the south genotypes. Average P content in the shoots of the northeast genotypes was 2.23g kg^-1, in the northwest genotypes was 2.14g kg^-1, and in the south genotypes was 1.69g kg^-1; while that in the roots of the south was 2.03g kg^-1, in the northwest was 1.66g kg^-1, in the northeast was 1.57g kg^-1, and the nodule P content in the northwest genotypes was 4.62g kg^-1, in the northeast was 3.80g kg^-1, in the south was 3.89g kg^-1. The rhizosphere pH was different, and in northeast it was 6.17, in the south was 6.01, and in the northwest was 5.81. However, there was no significant difference in rhizosphere pH. P use efficiency was in an order： south〉northwest〉 northeast. This suggested that P use efficiency was not a perfect index of plant growth to hydroxyapatite fertilizer.